"A concussion is a brain injury. It's real, and it needs time to heal."
This guide explains what a concussion is, how to recognise the warning signs, and how to care for yourself or a loved one during recovery.
What is a Concussion?
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head or body that makes the brain move rapidly inside the skull. It can change how the brain normally works. You don't have to lose consciousness to have a concussion — most people don't.
Common Causes
- Sports injuries
- Falls
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Direct blow to the head or body
Symptoms
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Confusion or feeling foggy
- Memory problems
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Balance problems
- Feeling tired or sluggish
- Trouble concentrating
- Mood changes (irritable, sad or nervous)
- Sleep disturbances (too much or too little)
- Blurred or double vision
Important Signs — Seek Urgent Medical Care
Go to an emergency centre or call for emergency help if the person shows any of the following:
- Loss of consciousness
- Repeated vomiting
- Seizures or convulsions
- Severe or worsening headache
- Weakness or numbness in arms or legs
- Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
- Unequal pupil size or unusual eye movements
- Cannot be woken or is increasingly drowsy
- Unusual behaviour, confusion or irritability
- Neck pain or tenderness
Treatment
- Rest — physical and mental — for the first 24–48 hours
- Avoid medications not approved by your doctor (no aspirin in the first 24 hours)
- Paracetamol may be used for headache as advised by a clinician
- Stay with a responsible adult for the first 24 hours
- Do not drive, ride a bike or operate machinery until cleared
- Limit alcohol and recreational substances during recovery
Recovery Tips
- Rest your brain — limit thinking and screen time
- Avoid bright lights, loud noise and busy environments
- Drink plenty of water and eat regular meals
- Return to activities gradually, as symptoms allow
- Sleep well — rest is part of healing
- Follow up with your doctor before returning to sport or work
Return to School or Work
Ease back into learning and work. Start with short, light tasks and build up as symptoms allow. Tell your teacher or employer about your injury.
Return to Sport
Never return to sport on the same day. Follow a step-wise, doctor-guided return-to-play plan. Stop immediately if symptoms return.
Have Questions?
Our acuteMed doctors can assess, advise and support your recovery. Walk in or book an appointment at your nearest branch.
Take Care
Recovery takes time and every injury is different. Be patient, rest well, and don't rush back before you're ready.
Healthy People, Stronger Communities